My Tipsheet on understanding data for the Ukrainian Investigative Journalism Conference on September 13th.
(Some tips co-authored with Helena Bengtsson)
- Begin with Small Projects
Starting with manageable data and tools helps mitigate risks. Avoid diving into large projects until you’re comfortable with the basics.
- Learn the Tools
Understanding the principles behind data tools is crucial. Often, a journalist can benefit from a mentor to relate specific functions to journalistic tasks.
- Check for Errors
Data is prone to errors, even from reliable sources. Take responsibility for identifying and correcting these before presenting findings. Always double-check totals and ensure nothing is overlooked.
- Document Your Process
Maintain a step-by-step record of your data work. This transparency allows others to verify your methods and findings. Sharing your work with sources before publication can help identify errors and foster agreement on methodologies.
- Use Errors to Build Relationships
When errors are discovered, use them as opportunities to strengthen connections with data providers. Engaging constructively can enhance future collaborations.
- Obtain the Data
Don’t hesitate to ask for data directly; authorities may provide it via email. Explore various methods such as web scraping or Freedom of Information (FOI) requests. Treat these as essential journalistic tools.
- Analyze for Stories
Focus on storytelling rather than drowning in data. Each piece of data should serve a narrative. Use interactive graphics to convey a single, clear story. Avoid cluttering longreads with multiple angles.
- Identify Stories in Extremes
To uncover compelling narratives, analyze data extremes. Ranking data can help spot errors and clarify reality, making it a powerful journalistic tool.
- Start with Data or Story
While some believe storytelling should always precede data analysis, both approaches are valid. Sometimes, a data set reveals an obvious story; other times, you must dig deeper to uncover hidden narratives.
- Clean Your Data
When data is scarce, create your own datasets. This hands-on approach not only enhances your understanding but can also lead to unique insights. Don’t shy away from the hard work—embrace it.
- Focus on Human Stories
Data journalism ultimately revolves around human experiences. Seek out real stories behind the numbers, as they often provide the most impactful narratives. If you can’t find compelling human examples, reconsider the validity of your findings.
- Collaborate and Share
The data journalism community thrives on collaboration. Sharing knowledge and resources is essential to keep pace with evolving tools and methods.
- Master Excel
Excel remains a fundamental tool for data management—used for importing, cleaning, sorting, and analyzing data. Don’t overlook its importance amidst the allure of newer technologies.
- Request Raw Data
When negotiating for data, be specific about your needs. Request raw, updated data in standard formats (e.g., XML, JSON, CSV) to facilitate comparison and analysis across different jurisdictions.
- Leverage Your Strengths
Recognize your strengths and contribute them within your team. You can’t master everything; focus on what you do best.
- Create Your Own Database
If existing data is unavailable, build your own datasets. This process can provide unique insights and angles. For example, tracking court cases in Denmark revealed trends in judicial payments.
- Verify Data and Analysis
Diligently check your data for errors. Validate findings against reality and share your methodologies before publication to avoid misinterpretations.
- Be Transparent About Errors
If errors are identified, address them openly. Investigate potential issues and maintain a clear protocol for handling mistakes.
- Seek Significant Stories
Authorities may shy away from data that highlights critical issues. Always evaluate data contextually, as you would with interviews and documents.
- Be Prepared to Adapt
Stay flexible, especially as deadlines approach. Sometimes, new information may emerge that requires you to pivot your focus.
- Use Anecdotal Evidence
When systematic conclusions are elusive, anecdotal examples can still effectively illustrate a point. For instance, mobile phone data can reveal how companies monitor user behavior.
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